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Quran,Translation and Commentary in Brief (Vol. 06)
Verses 1-19Verses 1-5


OCCASION OF REVELATION
It has been narrated that Prophet (SA) had gone to Hara Mountain, Gabriel revealed and addressed Mohammad: 
O, Mohammad Read!
Prophet (SA) said: I can not read.
Gabriel embraced him and repeated: Read!
Prophet (SA) repeated the same reply.
Third time, Gabriel said and continued the five verses: Read in the name of your Lord (to the end of verse no. five)! Then, it disappeared.
Being weary after receiving the first beam of revelation Mohammad (SA) returned back home and asked Khadijeh (his wife) to give him a blanket to cover himself and rest. 
Tabarsi narrates in Majmaol Bayan: Prophet (SA) told Khadijeh: I hear a call when I am alone (and I am worried)! 
Khadijeh told him that God will do nothing with you save goodness, because by God, you are truthful, trustee and visit your kindred. 
Khadijeh says: We went to Varagheh Ebne Nofal (who was one of the sages among Arab and Khadijeh's cousin). Prophet (SA) explained what he had seen for Varagheh. He said: When the herald comes to you, listen carefully what it says! Then, narrate it for me. In his sanctum, Prophet (SA) heard that it says: O Mohammad! Say: 
بسم الله الرحمن الرحیم، الحمدلله رب العالمین،...،و لاالضالین
and
لا اله الا الله
Prophet (SA) went to Varagheh and narrated the story. Varagheh said: I acclaim you, and again my acclamation to you. I testify that you are the same one promised by Jesus son of Mary! and you have a religion like Moses. Soon, you will be commissioned for Jihad, and if I am alive then, I will wage Jihad besides you!
When Varagheh passed away, Prophet (SA) said: I saw him in the paradise (intermediate paradise) wearing a silk cloth, because he believed on me and testified me. 
Of course, there are some illogical phrases in the ideas of some commentators or in some history books about this chapter of Prophet's life which are surely among the improper narrations fabricated by Israelites.
It seems that such weak narrations are calumniated by Islam adversaries to question both Islam and Prophet (SA).

READ IN THE NAME OF YOUR LORD!
VERSES NO.1-19 
The first verse addresses Prophet (SA) to read in the name of his Lord who has created the world of creation as the best proof for His Divinity. 
Indeed, this is a reply to the Arab idolaters who believed in God as the creator, but assumed divinity for idols! In addition, God's Divinity and His administration of world of existence is the best proof for proving His sacred essence.
Then, reference is made to the most important phenomenon and the best of world of creation, that is, man, and reminds his creation. At the early stages, sperm is transformed to a clot, which is apparently very worthless, but it is called the origin of creation of man to indicate His Infinite Power for changing such a worthless thing into such a valuable creature!
The next verse is a reply to the Prophet's (SA) phrase replying Gabriel that I cannot read, as the Most Honorable Lord could enable you to read. 
The Most Honorable Lord who taught man how to write with pen and taught him what he did not know, is able to teach an illiterate servant to read and recite.
Islam was founded on science and pen from the beginning, and this is the reason why such a retarded and ignorant people progressed in knowledge and science so much that as acknowledged by the friend and enemy, they exported knowledge to all around the world. Even the famous European historians confess that the light of Moslems' knowledge and science radiated on the screen of Europe in the Middle Ages and made them to enter the age of civilization. 
However, it is very awful for such nation and religion to straggle in the field of knowledge and science, and need and even depend on the others for it! 
After referring to the divine material and spiritual favors bestowed on man, which necessitates his submission to God in order to show his gratitude for such extensive favors, it is indicated that man is insubordinate because he assumes himself free from want! 
This is the nature of most men. Those who are not trained in the doctrine of intellect and inspiration, find themselves free from want wrongly and rebel. 
They neither serve God, nor recognize His commands; neither listen to the call of conscience, nor observe the right and justice!
The transgressors are threatened to remember that all return to Him and He punishes them for their evil deeds, and they deserve the punishment for forbidding the prayers. 
It has been narrated that Aboujahl asked if Mohammad prostrates in your presence too. They replied: Yes. He said: I swear that I will smash his neck with my foot if I see when doing so. He was said: He is praying there. Aboujahl went to smash Prophet's neck under his foot, but when he was approaching him, he returned back pushing away something! 
He was asked for the reason why he was doing so, and he answered: 
I suddenly saw a pit of fire between me and him. It was a dreadful scene! Prophet (SA) said here: By God, if he approached me more, divine angels dismembered him!
The above verse was revealed then.
When the All-Merciful sura was revealed, Prophet (SA) asked his companions who is ready to recite this sura for the heads of Qureysh? 
The attendants were silent for a while, because they feared of persecution by Qureysh. Then, Abdollah Ebne Massoud who was bodily weak stood up and said: I will do it. He went to them gathering besides Kaaba and recited the sura. 
Aboujahl slapped him so that his ear split and bled.
When Prophet (SA) saw him, he fretted, but he saw Gabriel very happy. He asked Gabriel: Why you are happy while Ebne Massoud is weeping? Gabriel replied: Soon you will come to know. 
On the day of Badr battle, when Moslems defeated idolaters, Ebne Massoud found Aboujahl among the idolaters killed at his last breathes. Aboujahl said him: Tell your friend Mohammad that no one was most hated in my life than him, and even now that I am dying! 
When Prophet (SA) heard this, he said: Pharaoh at my time was worse than Pharaoh at the time of Moses (AS), because the latter said at the last minutes of his life that I believe, but the former did not! 
Aboujahl asked Ebne Massoud: Behead me with this sword as it is sharper. Ebne Massoud did it and when he was bringing his head to the Prophet (SA), he could not take it. So, he pulled him on the earth with his forehead! 
It has been also narrated from Ebne Abbas that once Mohammad (SA) was praying besides the Position of Abraham by Kaaba. Aboujahl called him: Did I not forbid you?
Mohammad (SA) shouted at him and made him to leave there.
Aboujahl said: O Mohammad! Are you shouting at me? Do you not know that my tribe is the biggest one in this territory?
The verse was revealed that let him call whoever he wants. We too will soon call our guards of hell to cast him into the hell!
However, the transgressors could not hinder your prostration and or progress of your religion. You shall trust in God, and approach Him more and more through worship and prostration. It is well induced from this verse that prostration results in man's proximity to God.
We read in a narration from Prophets (SA): Man's proximity to God is at most when he is in prostration.
It is obligatory to prostrate when reading this verse.

THE END OF THE CLOT SUREH


Verses 1-19Verses 1-5
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
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Nazanin
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