As far as the history of human knowledge is concerned we learn that the thinkers have always dwelt upon the subject of the soul, its structure and its specialties and each thinker according to his capacity has tried to dig deep into the mystery of the soul.

It is quite possible that our present knowledge and that of the coming generations and science may not be enough to unravel the mysteries even though the soul is the closest of all things to us.

 But since we are more familiar with the material world and the soul is absolutely different we should not be surprised if we are unable to understand this non-material creation.

This does not prevent us to intelligently scan the soul or to prevents us from understand the laws that govern it.

The important thing to know here is the reality and soundness of the soul.

The materialist schools of thought believe in the soul to be a material and think of it as nothing but composed of having material attributes like limbs etc.

“We deal with this issue mostly because the eternal life of the soul and its life perfect existence or the existence in purgatory depends on it.

But before we begin this discussion we feel it pertinent to deal with the opinion of those who believe that the relation between the human body and the soul is some king of merger (but it is not like the breeze entering the musk). It is a relation or patching which is based on the fact that the soul controls the body and uses it as it wills. This same thing has been expressed by others as the relation between word and its meaning. This will be further cleared in the discussion on the soundness of the soul. Now we revert to our main purpose.

There is no doubt that there is a great difference between humans and the lifeless stone or wood. We realize fully that we are different to the lifeless things and even the plants. We have an intelligence, we think, we decide, and our endowed richly with determination. We fall in love and express our hatred also.

But the plants and stones etc having no such feelings and so there is a basic difference between us and this is what is called as the soul of a human being.

No one can deny the existence of the soul and the conscience and even the materialist do not deny it. And this is the reason they consider psychology and psycho –analysis as a beneficial knowledge even though both these knowledge are going through their initial stages but are still considered as valid sciences on which great scholars are working in big universities.

You will read later that the soul and the conscience are not two separate realities but are two stages of the original creation.

When we talk about the contact between the body and the soul and the effects they have on each other then it is called conscience or Nafs and when only spiritual existence is considered then it is termed as soul.

In short, we can say that no one disputes the reality of the soul and Nafs within us.

Now we have to see why there is a great conflict between the materialists and the philosophers of meta-physic?

The answer is that those who believe in God, spirituality and the philosophers of meta-physics believe that there is something within this body other than the matter it is composed of which has no sex or matter but the human body is directly controlled by it.

We can say in other words that the soul is a reality other than nature which is different in structure and deeds from the world of matter and its deeds. It is true that it is always connected with the world of matter but the soul is neither matter nor does it have material attributes.

The materialists confront the religious thinkers and say: There is no existence of anything called the soul separate from matter. All there exists is this physical matter or its chemical and physical properties.

We consist of the brain and the limbs that perform our deeds and like other systems of the body are material in nature and continue to perform under the material laws e.g. there are some special kinds of Sub-mandibular cells below and around our tongues which are called the source of saliva. They perform physical functions and analyze things chemically and they start working immediately after a morsel of food is fed into the mouth. They work automatically.

They are so analytical that they know how much water is needed to soften the food and they produce as much saliva and the dry food obtain their necessary saliva because of them. The acidity of the saliva increases when the food is very hard and they work extra to obtain more water to soften that food completely and thus prevent them from harming the stomach.

The moment the morsel is swallowed their function ceases and in short we can say that they are ruled by a strange system and if this system is disturbed only for a moment then either the saliva will drip continuously from the mouth or the tongue and throat will become so dry that the morsel will be stuck in it.

This is the physical function of the saliva but we know that the important work of the saliva is chemical in which they mix with various kinds of food and so the digestive system is less burdened.

The materialist say: the system of our limbs and brain is like that of sub-mandibular cells of saliva and this is how it performs the physical and chemical functions. (It is collectively called physic-chemical function) and this is the activity both physical and chemical in nature which is called the soul.

They say when we think a special electric current is produced in the brain which is absorbed on paper through special instruments; they are analyzed in the hospital for mental diseases and the disease is diagnosed from the analysis. Then only a proper treatment is suggested. This is the physical action of our brains.

The neurons of the brain also perform chemical actions and re-actions during the period they are used for thinking.

So the soul and the manifestation of the soul are nothing but the physical actions of the brains and the chemical actions and re-actions.

They conclude from all this:

The actions of the sub-mandibular cells under the tongue cease to exist on the death of the body just as if they did not exist when there was no body. In the same way our souls begins physical action only on the creation of the limbs and the brains and they die when the body dies.

The soul is a material since it is a special part of the body and is not something spiritual or extra-ordinary.

The soul is governed by all the laws that govern the body.

The soul has no existence without the existence of the body and can never have one.