The Guardian Angels

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The Books of Deeds that are kept in Illiyin and SijjeenThe writers of the Book of Deeds

The 9th verse seemingly does not speak about the Book of Deeds but has been spoken about symbolically. It is said:

““But verily over you (are appointed angels) to watch you, honorable inscribers writing (your deeds).”

This is a hint about writing the deeds. Then it says there is an attentive and alert angel present to note every thing that a person says or does.

The origin of “Yatlaqqa” is “Laqa’ which meeting but here it speaks about noting the deeds and the word “Mutallaqiyani” here means those two angels who are deputed to record the deeds of men.

The origin of “qa-‘iid” is “Qa-‘uud” which means to sit. But here it speaks about the guardians as we say in common parlance that so-and-so is his companion or guardian (1)

The word “yalfizu” is derived from “Lafz’ which means to throw something as we say that the crusher threw up the flour”

It is also spoken about that which man takes out from his mouth and so also for the words that come out. It is a very beautiful des c r i p tion of the things that come out.

The word “Raqeeb” according to Raghib originates from “Raqba” and it means the neck. A guardian is called “Raqeeb” either because he keeps turning his head to what is going on or because the neck helps guard things.

The word “‘atiid’ originates from “‘ataad” is to pre-empt or to fore-gather and so any person willing to do this is called “‘atiid”.

Maqayis-ol-Loghata describes the word as “strength” or “closeness” which is both interlinked to the first meaning.

So is one of the two des c r i p tions about one of the two angels who guard and the other writes or is it the attribute of both because both guard the human deeds and both are ready to write?

Some commentators believe that “Raqeeb’ is the name of the angel on the right side who writes the good deeds and “‘A-tiid” is the name of the angel who notes the sins.

Other commentators that they take both these attributes to be for both the angels and that each of them guards and are ready to note things.

There are many traditions about these two angels which are very meaningful and one of them from the Messenger is as follows:

“When a person does something good the angel on the right notes seven rewards for him and when he does something wrong the angel on the left wants to note it but the angel on the right says “give him respite for seven hours and if he repents then do not note anything but if doe not then write only one sin for him” (2)

The educative purpose of such traditions is very clear. Such traditions tell us that the work of both the angels is different. We will further clarify this later.

 


 

1. The word “mutalaqqiyani” is feminine then “Qa-iid” should have been “Qa-iidan” but something is hidden or understood in the verse.
2. Tafsir Majmaul Bayan vol. 9 page 144 and the same topic is there in Tafsir Ruhul Ma’ani vol.26 page 164 and Tafsir Maraghi vol.26 page 161.

 

The Books of Deeds that are kept in Illiyin and SijjeenThe writers of the Book of Deeds
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