The Explanation of Verses.

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Explanations of Mafuradat. God is the only absolute Power

Lord! We are obedient to Your Commands only.

The first verse in discussion is about banning wine, gambling, Insaab (a kind of idol worship), Azlam a kind of lottery, and then is the order to obey God and His Messenger but without saying, it is a general commandment. It says, obey God and His Messenger and stay away from disobedience.

The verse then adds, “Then if you turn away you should know that it is Messenger’s duty to convey (the message) in the clearest way.” (1)

It is very simple to understand that obedience to the Messenger is the obedience to God because the Messenger never gave commandments unless ordered by Him. This is what is meant by the repetition of the word “Obey”. The first obedience is essential and the second obedience is collateral.

The second verse is addressed to the Messenger and says, “(O Mohammad) “Say, “Obey God and the messenger” but if they turn away, then God does not like the disbelievers.”(1)

What we now understand that it is disbelief to disobey god but it is so in this verse wherein the disobedience is due to animosity or we can widen the connotation of disbelief and say that any kind of religious disobedience is disbelief. Anyway, this verse stresses the obedience to God and His Messenger or in other words it commands us to follow the Book and the Sunnah.

Though this verse is attached to the Messenger the earlier one said, “(O Prophet) say, “Follow me if you love God.” It is evident that obedience to the Messenger is a kind of obedience to God. This verse also tells us that the sign of pure love of God and His Messenger is that you follow you follow them with the core of your heart ort else the claim of this love is false or there is love but it is very weak.

The third verse includes those who have been given authority to be obeyed like God and His Messenger. The verse says, “O believers! Obey God and obey the Messenger and those among you who are in authority “and add, “If you believe in God and in the last day.”

This also tells us that the obedience is to God, then to the Messenger, and then to those who have been given authority and we should approach them in case of every dispute. If the people do not believe in this and do accordingly then their belief in God and the Day of Judgment is shaky.

The 4th verse speaks of obeying God only. It says, “So keep your duty to God and fear Him as much as you can.” It first asks us to be pious and to refrain from sins because cleaning something is important before decorating it. Next it asks us to listen because listening precedes obedience and then ask us to follow the commands to the letter without conditions. This is the kind of obedience acceptable to God.

Some people have taken it to mean that you have to be pious as much as you can but this is a misconception because both these sentences describe the same thing. Piety demands that a person should abstain from evil and sins to the best of his capacity. Verse 102 of Surah Al Imran says, “O believers! Fear God as you should and see that you do not die but as Muslims.”

The 5th verse that has been spoken by many apostles of God first asks us to be pious and then obey the apostles and says, “So fear God and obey me.” This sentence has been quoted from Noah, Huod, Saleh, Lot, Shuaib and Jesus (Once from Noah Surah Shuara Verse108, Twice from Huod Surah Shuara 126 and 131,

Twice from Saleh Surah Shuara verses 1144 and 150, Once from Lot Surah Shuara 163, Once from Shuaib Surah Shuara179, and twice from the Messiah Surah Al Imran verse 50 and Surah Zukhruf Verse 63)

It is an accepted fact that firstly it is connected with obedience to the belief in Oneness and the rejection of idol worship,; in the second stage it speaks about obeying all the religious edicts that we get from the apostles of God. This actually is the obedience to God because His apostles do not speak without His command.

The 6th verse speaks about following God’s commands which is another form of obedience but the verse only adds that you should not obey any one but God. This negation is the affirmation of “Oneness of Obedience”. It says, “Obey the commands given by God and do not take any other than Him for guardian.”

This verse rejects those who worship others but not God or others and God. Whoever he be and wherever he be, he should leave the others and obey only the One God.

This verse and other similar verses tell us that whatever be the orders of man they are not worthy obeying because they are full of mistakes and errors and we find no excuse for obeying them.

The 6th verse clearly states that there is no scope for the believing men and women to have any say against the commandments of god and His Messenger. It says, “Obey the commands given by God and do not take any other than Him for guardian.”

The first and the last part of the verse speak about the Oneness in Obedience and consider it a sign of faith and going against it as an open waywardness. What greater sign of disbelief can be there that man forgoes the One and Only God and runs after the false ones?

The 8th verse addresses the believer s and various traditions about the history of its revelation has been recorded but all of them say that at time some Muslims used to overtake the Messenger and said, “It would have been better that a certain commandment was issued in a certain other way.”   

This verse was then revealed and said, “O believers! Be not forward in the presence of God and His Messenger and fear God; verily God is all-hearing, all-knowing.” When we accept that God is not stationary and has no station then how is “Be not forward in the presence of God and His Messenger” being said? Actually this is a symbolic manner of saying that you should not pre-empt the commands of God (2)

Tafsir Maraghi has recorded this saying of the Arab linguists “Do not pre-empt the prayers of the imam when you pray behind him.”

Do not worship the Learned and the Leaders.

The 9th verse criticizes the Jews and the Christians for declaring their rabbis and priests as gods against God. It says, “They take their Rabbis and monks as lord besides God” (3) they have also declared Jesus the son of Mary as God, “and also the messiah son of Mary while they were commanded to worship God, Only”

 For there is no god besides Him and he is pure and holy. “There is no God but He exalted from what they associate with Him.”

We accept that the Jews and the Christians do not overtly declare their rabbis and priests to be gods and they do not worship them in the manner we worship God then why has the Qura’n used the word “Rabb” and Illaha” for them?

The answer to this is found in a Hadith of both Imam Mohammad Baqir and Imam Jafar Sadiq wherein they said, “By God! They neither fasted nor prayed for their religious leaders but when these leaders made the impressible to be permissible they accepted it meekly and obeyed them and this though unknowingly was like worshipping them.”(4)

This Hadith has been recorded in various style in both Sunni and Shia books and in some of the books it is said, “Addi the son of the famous Hatim Tai came to the messenger with a golden cross dangling from his neck and the Messenger asked him, “ Take this icon off from your neck” Addi says,” I heard that the messenger was reciting the verse “They take their Rabbis and monks as lord besides God, and also the messiah son of Mary while they were commanded to worship God” and I said, “ O Messenger of God they do not worship their priests” He answered, “ is it not true that their priests make the impermissible into permissible and the permissible into impermissible? And do they not follow them?” I said, “Yes it is so!” He said, “This is the kind of worship that they do!” (5) So now it is clear that following or obeying those who issue orders against the commandments of God is also a kind of polytheism.’

In the 10th and the last verse God addresses the entire race of Adam, “Did I not ordain for you O children of Adam that you should not worship Satan. Verily he is your declared enemy. . And that you should worship Me (alone); that is the straight path.”

We accept that they do not pray like we do with Ruku and Sujud but what kind of worship is being discussed here? Can it be anything but obedience?

Yes those who accept the Satan and take his words to be more important than the words of God they are definitely polytheists and Satan worshippers. This is not polytheism of Ruku or Sujud but is linked with refusing the commandment of God.

When did God take the covenant from the progeny of Adam that is being mentioned here? Some commentators opine that it was taken in the spiritual world and some say it is the admonishment that the apostles of God gave to their people. But seemingly this verse means the covenant that was taken from the progeny of Adam before his fall from grace. It is mentioned in verse 27 of Surah A’raf that says, “O Children of Adam! Let not Satan deceive you as he deceived as he deceived your parents Adam and Eve out of Paradise.”

In verse 22 of Surah A’raf it addresses Adam and his wife, “Verily Satan is you declared enemy.”

In verse 117 of Surah Ta-Ha it addresses Adam and says, “O Adam this you and your wife’s enemy”

Such an enemy will be the enemy of Adam’s progeny also because he detests not only Adam but all his progeny so he swore in verse 62 of Surah Isra and verse 82 of Surah Saad, “If you give me respite till the Day of Resurrection, I will surely seize and mislead his offspring.”

 


 

1. For details see Tafsir Majmaul Bayan, Tafsir Fakhr Razi, Tafsir Ruhul Ma’ani and Tafsir Maraghi.
2.There is a great debate among the commentators about the term “Be not forward” the sentence “Be not forward in the presence of God and His Messenger” in the first instance is but not to preempt the commandments off either God or His messenger and in the second instance it is taken to mean not to consider anything higher then the commandments of God and His Messenger. The first meaning seems better.
3. The word “Ahbar’ here means good effects and it was later used for the learned and the wise just as Ibn Abbas was called “ The wise man of the Ummah” . The word “Rahbaan is the plural of Rahib or for two or more persons and it is used for “men of God’ and this is a group among the Christians and they forsake the worldly life and marriage and live in monasteries. (Like the Jesuits) See Al Mafuradat Raghib and others.
4. Tafsir Majmaul Bayan Vol. 5 page 23 and Tafsir Burhan Vol.2 Page 120
5. Tafsir Ruhul Ma’ani Vol.1 Page 75, and the same meaning has come in other commentaries and it is mentioned in Durre Manshur with a few changes.

 

Explanations of Mafuradat. God is the only absolute Power
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