O God You are the Ruler of the Kingdom

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Introduction The effect of belief on the Oneness of ownership and rulership

The commentators believe that this verse was revealed after the victory at Makka or during the digging of the trenches for the Battle of the Trench. When the Holy Messenger told his followers about the future victories against Rome, Iran and Yemen the hypocrites declared it to be a figment of imagination blown out of proportion. (1) This was the time when this verse was revealed. It admonished the ignorant ones and told them that it was God who was the ruler and owner of all countries. It said, “O God! Possessor of the kingdom” and added, “You bestow the kingdom on whom you will and take it from whom You will; You bestow honor on whom you will and humiliate whom You will.”

It is not just the granting of these graces and the confiscation of kingdom and respect that is in your hands but everything good is in your hands because you have power over everything.

His power over everything proves his rulership on all that exists in the heavens and on earth and in between them. This dominance has two sides, one is general and the other is reality or His rule over everything is reality and has generality also but when it is spoken of for others it has only a temporal existence, “You give the kingdom to whom you will” Now some commentators have taken it to mean the victories of the Messenger, the respect of the believers and the shame of the Jews is not based on facts because this verse has a great connotation. It includes the entire honor and all the shame. But the affairs mentioned are the manifest proof. And finally the words, “you are able to do all things” shows His complete and sole dominance over everything.

What is clear is when the verse says He bestows His kingdom on whom He pleases or takes it away, gives honor and disgraces someone does not mean He does so without cause or valid reason for He has installed a system that judges between victory and defeat and the system reflects His grand will.

If at one time the Muslims knock at the doors of Europe and capture “Spain” but in another time they are forcibly expelled from there then both these conditions have occurred according to the divine will.

When blood thirsty rulers like Yazid bin Moaviya or Chenghis Khan rule with tyranny over some people then it is the result of the people’s weakness and faults and they deserve to pass their lives under such tyrannical rule. It is said that for every nation the best ruler is that which is ruling them. We discern the answers to most of the questions raised in this regard so it needs no further explanation.

The second verse is about the change of Qibla and the answer to the frivolous objections of the Jews “Can God order the change from Jerusalem to Ka’aba? The verse says don’t you know that God is the ruler and owner of the heavens and the earth?

Is it surprising that such a great ruler can cancel His previous command? He not only knows what is good for his subjects but the rulership is especially for Him only. He is the sole authority to change anything and is the ruler of all His subjects. In the end of the verse it further stresses the point, “You have no guardian or protector besides God”

It is because of His complete knowledge that he helps you in your problems and makes laws for you because of his rulership.

He is above time and space and there is no special direction fixed for Him especially in prayers. The direction is fixed for a place because it is His decree and he is the ruler of the entire universe.

The words “Wali and Naseer” as attributes have been mentioned in many places in the Qura’n and may have difference in their application. “Wali” means the protector who guards the rights of His subjects and “Naseer” is He who helps mankind against his enemies.

Wali does what he does to protect the interest of his subjects and Naseer helps mankind overcome his problems.

The third verse is about the creation of the animals and the humans and the strange changes that occur in them.-

The verse says, “Such is Lord your God. His is the kingdom.” He is the creator as well as the manager and this is why He is the ruler and the judge. The verse then makes this the base of Oneness in worship and says, “(None has the right to be worshipped but Him). How then do you turn away?”

O ignorant ones! O you wander in the valley of shame! Why are you becoming wayward despite seeing the signs of God’s creativity, lordship and rulership? Here the oneness in worship is being established on the basis of oneness in rulership and His rulership has been proven through His creativity and origination of all beings because the idolaters also accepted that it is the One God who is the creator of this universe.

The fourth verse discusses the story of Taloot and Jaloot (Saul and Goliath). Goliath is a cruel person who rules upon the children of Israel and he has crushed them. The apostle Samuel (3) on the request of the Israelis appointed Saul the son of a poor farmer as the ruler and general but the Israeli elders and rich people objected to it because they being the sons of rich lords and elder considered themselves more appropriate for the job. The apostle tried to dispel their objections and said, “He is superior to you in knowledge and physical prowess.”

He then added, “God bestows His kingdom on which He wills. God obliges his subjects and is well aware of everything. Verse 247 of Surah Baqarah says, ‘God has chosen him above you has increased him abundantly in knowledge and stature. He grants his kingdom to which he wills. And God is all sufficient for His creatures’ needs, the all-knower.”   He not only has his declared dominance but controls the human society through laws for His is the kingdom and He bestows it to which He pleases. He does so in view of the personal caliber and talent of the persons concerned.

The same issue has been discussed in the fifth verse but in a different manner. The verse declares a conclusion after mentioning God’s rulership over the sun, moon darkness and light and says, “Such is your Lord; his is the kingdom.” His rulership encompasses the entire universe. The gods you invoke are not the rulers or owners of even a peel of the dates, “and those whom you invoke and call upon instead of Him own not even a Qitmeer.”

The commentators and the linguist have listed many meanings for the word “Qitmeer” but the most appropriate is the one that says it is the skin between the seed and the flesh of the fruit. Some have taken it to mean a small white spot which is found at the back of the date seed and this is from where it grows into trees. Some have taken it to mean the outer skin of the date and some say it is the groove in the middle of the seed and yet some others have said that it is the living matter contained in the seed.

All the five meanings are related to the seed of the date fruit something which has always been seen by the Arabs. Some have said that this is the onion skin but the first meaning mentioned above is the most popular and famous. Whatever other meaning is construed from it is irrelevant because al it says is that these false gods do not own even such a small thing like the skin of the date.(4)

This verse is the evident proof that no one has the rulership and ownership but God and He may delegate the powers to whom He pleases.

In the sixth verse also the same thing has been said but in a different style. The Messenger is commanded, “ Say, “Call upon those you assert besides God; they possess not even the weight of an atom either in the heavens or on neither earth nor have they share in either, now is there any harm for Him is there from among them anyone to help.”

It then adds that they cannot help because they do not rule over anything in the heavens and the earth. Neither are they partners in His creativity nor are they His helpers.

So they are not the rulers or owners of anything in the heavens and the earth nor partners or helpers so what inner glory you see that you bow before them and worship them? Qura’n thereby denies any partners or helpers for God in his rulership and ownership. In others words it establishes the absolute rule of God and denies any partners of helpers and says all this is only for God. It says God is above having any partners of helpers.

In the above six verses and other similar verse what comes to light is that for any monotheist there is no god but God the ruler. Even if some is in some authority he does not own or rule even a particle of earth. So the polytheists have no excuse for worshipping, the idols, and other creations or creations similar to them.

 


 

1. Majmaul Bayan Vol. 2 page 427, Tafsir Fakhr Razi Vol.8 Page 4
2. Some linguists opine that the Origin of “Khair and Ikhtiyar” is the same that is why goodness are called “Khair” everyone likes them and wants to achieve them (from Mafuradat in Tafsir Al Mizan)
3. Some commentators believed that it may be Samuel or Joshua but this is farfetched because Joshua could not have existed in those days. He was the commander for Moses.
4. See Tafsir, Majmaul Bayan, Ruhul Ma’ani, Qartabi, Al Mizan, Maraghi, Mafuradat of Raghib.

 

Introduction The effect of belief on the Oneness of ownership and rulership
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